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@Article { 2023_lamberts_metrics-sok,
   title = {SoK: Evaluations in Industrial Intrusion Detection Research},
   journal = {Journal of Systems Research},
   year = {2023},
   month = {10},
   day = {31},
   volume = {3},
   number = {1},
   abstract = {Industrial systems are increasingly threatened by cyberattacks with potentially disastrous consequences. To counter such attacks, industrial intrusion detection systems strive to timely uncover even the most sophisticated breaches. Due to its criticality for society, this fast-growing field attracts researchers from diverse backgrounds, resulting in 130 new detection approaches in 2021 alone. This huge momentum facilitates the exploration of diverse promising paths but likewise risks fragmenting the research landscape and burying promising progress. Consequently, it needs sound and comprehensible evaluations to mitigate this risk and catalyze efforts into sustainable scientific progress with real-world applicability. In this paper, we therefore systematically analyze the evaluation methodologies of this field to understand the current state of industrial intrusion detection research. Our analysis of 609 publications shows that the rapid growth of this research field has positive and negative consequences. While we observe an increased use of public datasets, publications still only evaluate 1.3 datasets on average, and frequently used benchmarking metrics are ambiguous. At the same time, the adoption of newly developed benchmarking metrics sees little advancement. Finally, our systematic analysis enables us to provide actionable recommendations for all actors involved and thus bring the entire research field forward.},
   tags = {internet-of-production, rfc},
   url = {https://www.comsys.rwth-aachen.de/fileadmin/papers/2023/2023-lamberts-metrics-sok.pdf},
   publisher = {eScholarship Publishing},
   ISSN = {2770-5501},
   DOI = {10.5070/SR33162445},
   reviewed = {1},
   author = {Lamberts, Olav and Wolsing, Konrad and Wagner, Eric and Pennekamp, Jan and Bauer, Jan and Wehrle, Klaus and Henze, Martin}
}

@Inproceedings { 2023-wolsing-xluuvlab,
   title = {XLab-UUV – A Virtual Testbed for Extra-Large Uncrewed Underwater Vehicles},
   year = {2023},
   month = {10},
   abstract = {Roughly two-thirds of our planet is covered with water, and so far, the oceans have predominantly been used at their surface for the global transport of our goods and commodities. Today, there is a rising trend toward subsea infrastructures such as pipelines, telecommunication cables, or wind farms which demands potent vehicles for underwater work. To this end, a new generation of vehicles, large and Extra-Large Unmanned Underwater Vehicles (XLUUVs), is currently being engineered that allow for long-range, remotely controlled, and semi-autonomous missions in the deep sea. However, although these vehicles are already heavily developed and demand state-of-the-art communi- cation technologies to realize their autonomy, no dedicated test and development environments exist for research, e.g., to assess the implications on cybersecurity. Therefore, in this paper, we present XLab-UUV, a virtual testbed for XLUUVs that allows researchers to identify novel challenges, possible bottlenecks, or vulnerabilities, as well as to develop effective technologies, protocols, and procedures.},
   keywords = {Maritime Simulation Environment, XLUUV, Cyber Range, Autonomous Shipping, Operational Technology},
   url = {https://www.comsys.rwth-aachen.de/fileadmin/papers/2023/2023-wolsing-xluuvlab.pdf},
   publisher = {IEEE},
   booktitle = {1st IEEE LCN Workshop on Maritime Communication and Security (MarCaS)},
   event_place = {Daytona Beach, Florida, USA},
   event_name = {1st IEEE LCN Workshop on Maritime Communication and Security (MarCaS)},
   event_date = {Oktober 1-5, 2023},
   state = {accepted},
   language = {en},
   DOI = {10.1109/LCN58197.2023.10223405},
   reviewed = {1},
   author = {Wolsing, Konrad and Saillard, Antoine and Padilla, Elmar and Bauer, Jan}
}

@Inproceedings { 2022-rechenberg-cim,
   title = {Guiding Ship Navigators through the Heavy Seas of Cyberattacks},
   year = {2022},
   month = {10},
   keywords = {Maritime Cybersecurity, Intrusion Detection System, Integrated Bridge System, IEC 61162-450, NMEA 0183},
   url = {https://www.comsys.rwth-aachen.de/fileadmin/papers/2022/2022-rechenberg-guiding.pdf},
   web_url = {https://zenodo.org/record/7148794},
   publisher = {Zenodo},
   booktitle = {European Workshop on Maritime Systems Resilience and Security (MARESEC 2022)},
   event_place = {Bremerhaven, Germany},
   DOI = {10.5281/zenodo.7148794},
   reviewed = {1},
   author = {von Rechenberg, Merlin and R{\"o}{\ss}ler, Nina and Schmidt, Mari and Wolsing, Konrad and Motz, Florian and Bergmann, Michael and Padilla, Elmar and Bauer, Jan}
}

@Proceedings { 2022-wolsing-radarsec,
   title = {Network Attacks Against Marine Radar Systems: A Taxonomy, Simulation Environment, and Dataset},
   year = {2022},
   month = {9},
   tags = {rfc},
   url = {https://www.comsys.rwth-aachen.de/fileadmin/papers/2022/2022-wolsing-radar.pdf},
   publisher = {IEEE},
   event_place = {Edmonton, Canada},
   event_name = {47th IEEE Conference on Local Computer Networks (LCN)},
   event_date = {September 26-29, 2022},
   DOI = {10.1109/LCN53696.2022.9843801},
   reviewed = {1},
   author = {Wolsing, Konrad and Saillard, Antoine and Bauer, Jan and Wagner, Eric and van Sloun, Christian and Fink, Ina Berenice and Schmidt, Mari and Wehrle, Klaus and Henze, Martin}
}

@Inproceedings { WagnerBH2022,
   title = {Take a Bite of the Reality Sandwich: Revisiting the
Security of Progressive Message Authentication Codes},
   year = {2022},
   month = {5},
   day = {18},
   pages = {207-221},
   url = {/fileadmin/papers/2022/2022-wagner-r2d2.pdf},
   publisher = {ACM},
   booktitle = {Proceedings of the 15th ACM Conference on Security and Privacy in Wireless and Mobile Networks (WiSec '22)},
   event_place = {San Antonio, Texas, USA},
   event_name = {15th ACM Conference on Security and Privacy in Wireless and Mobile Networks (WiSec '22)},
   ISBN = {978-1-4503-9216-7/22/05},
   DOI = {10.1145/3507657.3528539},
   reviewed = {1},
   author = {Wagner, Eric and Bauer, Jan and Henze, Martin}
}

@Article { 2022-wolsing-aistracks,
   title = {Anomaly Detection in Maritime AIS Tracks: A Review of Recent Approaches},
   journal = {Journal of Marine Science and Engineering},
   year = {2022},
   month = {1},
   day = {14},
   volume = {10},
   number = {1},
   abstract = {The automatic identification system (AIS) was introduced in the maritime domain to increase the safety of sea traffic. AIS messages are transmitted as broadcasts to nearby ships and contain, among others, information about the identification, position, speed, and course of the sending vessels. AIS can thus serve as a tool to avoid collisions and increase onboard situational awareness. In recent years, AIS has been utilized in more and more applications since it enables worldwide surveillance of virtually any larger vessel and has the potential to greatly support vessel traffic services and collision risk assessment. Anomalies in AIS tracks can indicate events that are relevant in terms of safety and also security. With a plethora of accessible AIS data nowadays, there is a growing need for the automatic detection of anomalous AIS data. In this paper, we survey 44 research articles on anomaly detection of maritime AIS tracks. We identify the tackled AIS anomaly types, assess their potential use cases, and closely examine the landscape of recent AIS anomaly research as well as their limitations.},
   keywords = {automatic identification system; AIS; anomaly detection; maritime safety; maritime security; maritime surveillance},
   url = {https://www.comsys.rwth-aachen.de/fileadmin/papers/2022/2022-wolsing-aistracks.pdf},
   web_url = {https://www.mdpi.com/2077-1312/10/1/112},
   language = {en},
   DOI = {10.3390/jmse10010112},
   reviewed = {1},
   author = {Wolsing, Konrad and Roepert, Linus and Bauer, Jan and Wehrle, Klaus}
}

@Inproceedings { 2021-hemminghaus-sigmar,
   title = {SIGMAR: Ensuring Integrity and Authenticity of Maritime Systems using Digital Signatures},
   year = {2021},
   month = {11},
   day = {25},
   abstract = {Distributed maritime bridge systems are customary standard equipment on today’s commercial shipping and cruising vessels. The exchange of nautical data, e.g., geographical positions, is usually implemented using multicast network communication without security measures, which poses serious risks to the authenticity and integrity of transmitted data. In this paper, we introduce digital SIGnatures for MARitime systems (SIGMAR), a low-cost solution to seamlessly retrofit authentication of nautical data based on asymmetric cryptography. Extending the existing IEC 61162-450 protocol makes it is possible to build a backward-compatible authentication mechanism that prevents common cyber attacks. The development was successfully accompanied by permanent investigations in a bridge simulation environment, including a maritime cyber attack generator. We demonstrate SIGMAR’s feasibility by introducing a proof-of-concept implementation on low-cost and low-resource hardware and present a performance analysis of our approach.},
   keywords = {Maritime Cyber Security;Authentication;Integrity;IEC 61162-450;NMEA 0183},
   publisher = {IEEE},
   booktitle = {In Proceedings of the International Symposium on Networks, Computers and Communications (ISNCC)},
   event_place = {Dubai, United Arab Emirates},
   event_name = {International Symposium on Networks, Computers and Communications},
   event_date = {31 Oct.-2 Nov. 2021},
   DOI = {10.1109/ISNCC52172.2021.9615738},
   reviewed = {1},
   author = {Hemminghaus, Christian and Bauer, Jan and Wolsing, Konrad}
}