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@Article { 2021_pennekamp_accountable_manufacturing,
   title = {The Road to Accountable and Dependable Manufacturing},
   journal = {Automation},
   year = {2021},
   month = {9},
   day = {13},
   volume = {2},
   number = {3},
   pages = {202-219},
   abstract = {The Internet of Things provides manufacturing with rich data for increased automation. Beyond company-internal data exploitation, the sharing of product and manufacturing process data along and across supply chains enables more efficient production flows and product lifecycle management. Even more, data-based automation facilitates short-lived ad hoc collaborations, realizing highly dynamic business relationships for sustainable exploitation of production resources and capacities. However, the sharing and use of business data across manufacturers and with end customers add requirements on data accountability, verifiability, and reliability and needs to consider security and privacy demands. While research has already identified blockchain technology as a key technology to address these challenges, current solutions mainly evolve around logistics or focus on established business relationships instead of automated but highly dynamic collaborations that cannot draw upon long-term trust relationships. We identify three open research areas on the road to such a truly accountable and dependable manufacturing enabled by blockchain technology: blockchain-inherent challenges, scenario-driven challenges, and socio-economic challenges. Especially tackling the scenario-driven challenges, we discuss requirements and options for realizing a blockchain-based trustworthy information store and outline its use for automation to achieve a reliable sharing of product information, efficient and dependable collaboration, and dynamic distributed markets without requiring established long-term trust.},
   keywords = {blockchain; supply chain management; Industry 4.0; manufacturing; secure industrial collaboration; scalability; Industrial Internet of Things; Internet of Production},
   tags = {internet-of-production},
   url = {https://www.comsys.rwth-aachen.de/fileadmin/papers/2021/2021-pennekamp-manufacturing.pdf},
   publisher = {MDPI},
   ISSN = {2673-4052},
   DOI = {10.3390/automation2030013},
   reviewed = {1},
   author = {Pennekamp, Jan and Matzutt, Roman and Kanhere, Salil S. and Hiller, Jens and Wehrle, Klaus}
}

@Article { 2021_matzutt_coinprune_v2,
   title = {CoinPrune: Shrinking Bitcoin's Blockchain Retrospectively},
   journal = {IEEE Transactions on Network and Service Management},
   year = {2021},
   month = {9},
   day = {10},
   volume = {18},
   number = {3},
   pages = {3064-3078},
   abstract = {Popular cryptocurrencies continue to face serious scalability issues due to their ever-growing blockchains. Thus, modern blockchain designs began to prune old blocks and rely on recent snapshots for their bootstrapping processes instead. Unfortunately, established systems are often considered incapable of adopting these improvements. In this work, we present CoinPrune, our block-pruning scheme with full Bitcoin compatibility, to revise this popular belief. CoinPrune bootstraps joining nodes via snapshots that are periodically created from Bitcoin's set of unspent transaction outputs (UTXO set). Our scheme establishes trust in these snapshots by relying on CoinPrune-supporting miners to mutually reaffirm a snapshot's correctness on the blockchain. This way, snapshots remain trustworthy even if adversaries attempt to tamper with them. Our scheme maintains its retrospective deployability by relying on positive feedback only, i.e., blocks containing invalid reaffirmations are not rejected, but invalid reaffirmations are outpaced by the benign ones created by an honest majority among CoinPrune-supporting miners. Already today, CoinPrune reduces the storage requirements for Bitcoin nodes by two orders of magnitude, as joining nodes need to fetch and process only 6 GiB instead of 271 GiB of data in our evaluation, reducing the synchronization time of powerful devices from currently 7 h to 51 min, with even larger potential drops for less powerful devices. CoinPrune is further aware of higher-level application data, i.e., it conserves otherwise pruned application data and allows nodes to obfuscate objectionable and potentially illegal blockchain content from their UTXO set and the snapshots they distribute.},
   keywords = {blockchain; block pruning; synchronization; bootstrapping; scalability; velvet fork; Bitcoin},
   tags = {mynedata; impact_digital; digital_campus},
   url = {https://www.comsys.rwth-aachen.de/fileadmin/papers/2021/2021-matzutt-coinprune-v2.pdf},
   language = {English},
   ISSN = {1932-4537},
   DOI = {10.1109/TNSM.2021.3073270},
   reviewed = {1},
   author = {Matzutt, Roman and Kalde, Benedikt and Pennekamp, Jan and Drichel, Arthur and Henze, Martin and Wehrle, Klaus}
}

@Article { 2021_bader_privaccichain,
   title = {Blockchain-Based Privacy Preservation for Supply Chains Supporting Lightweight Multi-Hop Information Accountability},
   journal = {Information Processing \& Management},
   year = {2021},
   month = {5},
   day = {1},
   volume = {58},
   number = {3},
   abstract = {The benefits of information sharing along supply chains are well known for improving productivity and reducing costs. However, with the shift towards more dynamic and flexible supply chains, privacy concerns severely challenge the required information retrieval. A lack of trust between the different involved stakeholders inhibits advanced, multi-hop information flows, as valuable information for tracking and tracing products and parts is either unavailable or only retained locally. Our extensive literature review of previous approaches shows that these needs for cross-company information retrieval are widely acknowledged, but related work currently only addresses them insufficiently. To overcome these concerns, we present PrivAccIChain, a secure, privacy-preserving architecture for improving the multi-hop information retrieval with stakeholder accountability along supply chains. To address use case-specific needs, we particularly introduce an adaptable configuration of transparency and data privacy within our design. Hence, we enable the benefits of information sharing as well as multi-hop tracking and tracing even in supply chains that include mutually distrusting stakeholders. We evaluate the performance of PrivAccIChain and demonstrate its real-world feasibility based on the information of a purchasable automobile, the e.GO Life. We further conduct an in-depth security analysis and propose tunable mitigations against common attacks. As such, we attest PrivAccIChain's practicability for information management even in complex supply chains with flexible and dynamic business relationships.},
   keywords = {multi-hop collaboration; tracking and tracing; Internet of Production; e.GO; attribute-based encryption},
   tags = {internet-of-production},
   url = {https://www.comsys.rwth-aachen.de/fileadmin/papers/2021/2021-bader-ipm-privaccichain.pdf},
   publisher = {Elsevier},
   ISSN = {0306-4573},
   DOI = {10.1016/j.ipm.2021.102529},
   reviewed = {1},
   author = {Bader, Lennart and Pennekamp, Jan and Matzutt, Roman and Hedderich, David and Kowalski, Markus and Lücken, Volker and Wehrle, Klaus}
}

@Article { 2021_schomakers_insights,
   title = {Insights on Data Sensitivity from the Technical, Legal and the Users' Perspectives},
   journal = {Computer Law Review International},
   year = {2021},
   month = {2},
   day = {15},
   volume = {22},
   number = {1},
   pages = {8-15},
   abstract = {Social media, cloud computing, and the Internet of Things connect people around the globe, offering manifold benefits. However, the technological advances and increased user participation generate novel challenges for users' privacy. From the users' perspective, the consequences of data disclosure depend on the perceived sensitivity of that data. But in light of the new technological opportunities to process and combine data, it is questionable whether users can adequately evaluate risks of data disclosures. As mediating authority, data protection laws such as the European General Data Protection Regulation try to protect user data, granting enhanced protection to ''special categories'' of data. This article assesses the legal, technological, and users' perspectives on information sensitivity and their interplay. Technologically, all data can be referred to as ''potentially sensitive.'' The legal and users' perspective on information sensitivity deviate from this standpoint, as some data types are granted special protection by law but are not perceived as very sensitive by users and vice versa. The key findings here suggest the GDPR adequately protecting users' privacy but for small adjustments.},
   tags = {Information Sensitivity, Privacy, European Data Protection Law},
   ISSN = {1610-7608},
   DOI = {10.9785/cri-2021-220103},
   reviewed = {1},
   author = {Schomakers, Eva-Maria and Lidynia, Chantal and M{\"u}llmann, Dirk and Matzutt, Roman and Wehrle, Klaus and Spiecker gen. D{\"o}hmann, Indra and Ziefle, Martina}
}

@Inproceedings { 2019_rut_schomakers_privacy,
   title = {Putting Privacy into Perspective -- Comparing Technical, Legal, and Users' View of Information Sensitivity},
   year = {2021},
   month = {1},
   day = {27},
   pages = {857-870},
   abstract = {Social media, cloud computing, and the Internet of Things connect people around the globe, offering manifold benefits. However, the technological advances and increased user participation generate novel challenges for users' privacy. From the users' perspective, the consequences of data disclosure depend on the perceived sensitivity of that data. But in light of the new technological opportunities to process and combine data, it is questionable whether users can adequately evaluate risks of data disclosures. As mediating authority, data protection laws such as the European General Data Protection Regulation try to protect user data, granting enhanced protection to ''special categories'' of data. In this paper, we assess the legal, technological, and users' perspectives on information sensitivity and their interplay. Technologically, all data can be referred to as ''potentially sensitive.'' The legal and users' perspective on information sensitivity deviate from this standpoint, as some data types are granted special protection by law but are not perceived as very sensitive by users and vice versa. Our key findings still suggest the GDPR adequately protecting users' privacy but for small adjustments.},
   keywords = {Information Sensitivity,Privacy,European Data Protection Law},
   tags = {mynedata},
   url = {https://www.comsys.rwth-aachen.de/fileadmin/papers/2021/2021-schomakers-3perspectives.pdf},
   web_url = {https://dl.gi.de/handle/20.500.12116/34788},
   web_url2 = {https://arxiv.org/abs/1911.06569},
   publisher = {Gesellschaft f{\"u}r Informatik},
   address = {Bonn},
   booktitle = {INFORMATIK 2020},
   event_place = {Karlsruhe, Germany},
   event_name = {INFORMATIK 2020},
   event_date = {2020-09-28 to 2020-10-01},
   language = {English},
   DOI = {10.18420/inf2020_76},
   reviewed = {1},
   author = {Schomakers, Eva-Maria and Lidynia, Chantal and M{\"u}llmann, Dirk and Matzutt, Roman and Wehrle, Klaus and Spiecker gen. D{\"o}hmann, Indra and Ziefle, Martina}
}